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  5.     <title>UTas ePrints - Turner Review No. 2 Southern Conifers in Time and Space</title>
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  13.     <meta content="Hill, Robert S." name="eprints.creators_name" />
  14. <meta content="Brodribb, Tim J." name="eprints.creators_name" />
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  16. <meta content="Timothy.Brodribb@utas.edu.au" name="eprints.creators_id" />
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  21. <meta content="Turner Review No. 2
  22. Southern Conifers in Time and Space" name="eprints.title" />
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  27. <meta content="The three southern conifer families, Araucariaceae, Cupressaceae and Podocarpaceae, have a long
  28. history and continue to be an important part of the vegetation today. The Araucariaceae have the most
  29. extensive fossil record, occurring in both hemispheres, and with Araucaria in particular having an
  30. ancient origin. In the Southern Hemisphere Araucaria and Agathis have substantial macrofossil records,
  31. especially in Australasia, and Wollemia probably also has an important macrofossil record. At least one
  32. extinct genus of Araucariaceae is present as a macrofossil during the Cenozoic. Cupressaceae
  33. macrofossils are difficult to identify in older sediments, but the southern genera begin their record in the
  34. Cretaceous (Athrotaxis) and become more diverse and extensive during the Cenozoic. Several extinct
  35. genera of Cupressaceae also occur in Cretaceous and Cenozoic sediments in Australasia. The
  36. Podocarpaceae probably begin their macrofossil record in the Triassic, although the early history is still
  37. uncertain. Occasional Podocarpaceae macrofossils have been recorded in the Northern Hemisphere, but
  38. they are essentially a southern family. The Cenozoic macrofossil record of the Podocarpaceae is
  39. extensive, especially in south-eastern Australia, where the majority of the extant genera have been
  40. recorded. Some extinct genera have also been reported from across high southern latitudes, confirming
  41. an extremely diverse and widespread suite of Podocarpaceae during the Cenozoic in the region.
  42. In the Southern Hemisphere today conifers achieve greatest abundance in wet forests. Those which
  43. compete successfully with broad-leaved angiosperms in warmer forests produce broad, flat
  44. photosynthetic shoots. In the Araucariaceae this is achieved by the planation of multiveined leaves into
  45. large compound shoots. In the other two families leaves are now limited to a single vein (except
  46. Nageia), and to overcome this limitation many genera have resorted to re-orientation of leaves and twodimensional
  47. flattening of shoots. The Podocarpaceae show greatest development of this strategy with 11
  48. of 19 genera producing shoots analogous to compound leaves. The concentration of conifers in wet
  49. forest left them vulnerable to the climate change which occurred in the Cenozoic, and decreases in
  50. diversity have occurred since the Paleogene in all regions where fossil records are available. Information
  51. about the history of the dry forest conifers is extremely limited because of a lack of fossilisation in such
  52. environments. The southern conifers, past and present, demonstrate an ability to compete effectively
  53. with angiosperms in many habitats and should not be viewed as remnants which are ineffectual against
  54. angiosperm competitors." name="eprints.abstract" />
  55. <meta content="1999" name="eprints.date" />
  56. <meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" />
  57. <meta content="Australian Journal of Botany" name="eprints.publication" />
  58. <meta content="47" name="eprints.volume" />
  59. <meta content="5" name="eprints.number" />
  60. <meta content="639-696" name="eprints.pagerange" />
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  63. <meta content="http://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/BT98093.htm" name="eprints.official_url" />
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  499. Tasmania. Australian Systematic Botany 2, 387–423.
  500. Whang, S. S., and Hill, R. S. (1999). Late Paleocene Cupressaceae Macrofossils at Lake Bungarby, New
  501. South Wales. Australian Systematic Botany 12, 241–254.
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  503. Museum Records 33, 695–721.
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  505. Forestry Institute: Oxford University, Oxford.)
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  507. Whitmore, T. C., and Page, C. N. (1980). Evolutionary implications of the distribution and ecology of
  508. the tropical conifer Agathis. New Phytologist 84, 407–416.
  509. Wilde, M. H., and Eames, A. J. (1952). The ovule and ‘seed’ of Araucaria bidwilli with discussion of
  510. the taxonomy of the genus II. Taxonomy. Annals of Botany 16, 27–47.
  511. Yao, X., Taylor, T. N., and Taylor, E. L. (1993). The Triassic seed cone Telemachus from Antarctica.
  512. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 78, 269–276.
  513. Zhou, Z., and Li, H. (1994). Some Late Cretaceous plants from King George Island, Antarctica. In
  514. ‘Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Fildes Peninsula King George Island, Antarctica’. (Ed. Y. Shen.)
  515. State Antarctic Committee Monograph 3, 91–95. (Science Press: China.)" name="eprints.referencetext" />
  516. <meta content="Hill, Robert S. and Brodribb, Tim J. (1999) Turner Review No. 2 Southern Conifers in Time and Space. Australian Journal of Botany, 47 (5). pp. 639-696. ISSN 0067-1924" name="eprints.citation" />
  517. <meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2639/1/hill__and__brod__turner__rev.pdf" name="eprints.document_url" />
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  519. <meta content="Turner Review No. 2
  520. Southern Conifers in Time and Space" name="DC.title" />
  521. <meta content="Hill, Robert S." name="DC.creator" />
  522. <meta content="Brodribb, Tim J." name="DC.creator" />
  523. <meta content="270402 Plant Physiology" name="DC.subject" />
  524. <meta content="270400 Botany" name="DC.subject" />
  525. <meta content="The three southern conifer families, Araucariaceae, Cupressaceae and Podocarpaceae, have a long
  526. history and continue to be an important part of the vegetation today. The Araucariaceae have the most
  527. extensive fossil record, occurring in both hemispheres, and with Araucaria in particular having an
  528. ancient origin. In the Southern Hemisphere Araucaria and Agathis have substantial macrofossil records,
  529. especially in Australasia, and Wollemia probably also has an important macrofossil record. At least one
  530. extinct genus of Araucariaceae is present as a macrofossil during the Cenozoic. Cupressaceae
  531. macrofossils are difficult to identify in older sediments, but the southern genera begin their record in the
  532. Cretaceous (Athrotaxis) and become more diverse and extensive during the Cenozoic. Several extinct
  533. genera of Cupressaceae also occur in Cretaceous and Cenozoic sediments in Australasia. The
  534. Podocarpaceae probably begin their macrofossil record in the Triassic, although the early history is still
  535. uncertain. Occasional Podocarpaceae macrofossils have been recorded in the Northern Hemisphere, but
  536. they are essentially a southern family. The Cenozoic macrofossil record of the Podocarpaceae is
  537. extensive, especially in south-eastern Australia, where the majority of the extant genera have been
  538. recorded. Some extinct genera have also been reported from across high southern latitudes, confirming
  539. an extremely diverse and widespread suite of Podocarpaceae during the Cenozoic in the region.
  540. In the Southern Hemisphere today conifers achieve greatest abundance in wet forests. Those which
  541. compete successfully with broad-leaved angiosperms in warmer forests produce broad, flat
  542. photosynthetic shoots. In the Araucariaceae this is achieved by the planation of multiveined leaves into
  543. large compound shoots. In the other two families leaves are now limited to a single vein (except
  544. Nageia), and to overcome this limitation many genera have resorted to re-orientation of leaves and twodimensional
  545. flattening of shoots. The Podocarpaceae show greatest development of this strategy with 11
  546. of 19 genera producing shoots analogous to compound leaves. The concentration of conifers in wet
  547. forest left them vulnerable to the climate change which occurred in the Cenozoic, and decreases in
  548. diversity have occurred since the Paleogene in all regions where fossil records are available. Information
  549. about the history of the dry forest conifers is extremely limited because of a lack of fossilisation in such
  550. environments. The southern conifers, past and present, demonstrate an ability to compete effectively
  551. with angiosperms in many habitats and should not be viewed as remnants which are ineffectual against
  552. angiosperm competitors." name="DC.description" />
  553. <meta content="1999" name="DC.date" />
  554. <meta content="Article" name="DC.type" />
  555. <meta content="PeerReviewed" name="DC.type" />
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  666.     <h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Turner Review No. 2 Southern Conifers in Time and Space</h1>
  667.     <p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Hill, Robert S.</span> and <span class="person_name">Brodribb, Tim J.</span> (1999) <xhtml:em>Turner Review No. 2 Southern Conifers in Time and Space.</xhtml:em> Australian Journal of Botany, 47 (5). pp. 639-696. ISSN 0067-1924</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2639/1/hill__and__brod__turner__rev.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2639/1/hill__and__brod__turner__rev.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />1438Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input accept-charset="utf-8" value="3459" name="docid" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/BT98093.htm">http://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/BT98093.htm</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">The three southern conifer families, Araucariaceae, Cupressaceae and Podocarpaceae, have a long&#13;
  668. history and continue to be an important part of the vegetation today. The Araucariaceae have the most&#13;
  669. extensive fossil record, occurring in both hemispheres, and with Araucaria in particular having an&#13;
  670. ancient origin. In the Southern Hemisphere Araucaria and Agathis have substantial macrofossil records,&#13;
  671. especially in Australasia, and Wollemia probably also has an important macrofossil record. At least one&#13;
  672. extinct genus of Araucariaceae is present as a macrofossil during the Cenozoic. Cupressaceae&#13;
  673. macrofossils are difficult to identify in older sediments, but the southern genera begin their record in the&#13;
  674. Cretaceous (Athrotaxis) and become more diverse and extensive during the Cenozoic. Several extinct&#13;
  675. genera of Cupressaceae also occur in Cretaceous and Cenozoic sediments in Australasia. The&#13;
  676. Podocarpaceae probably begin their macrofossil record in the Triassic, although the early history is still&#13;
  677. uncertain. Occasional Podocarpaceae macrofossils have been recorded in the Northern Hemisphere, but&#13;
  678. they are essentially a southern family. The Cenozoic macrofossil record of the Podocarpaceae is&#13;
  679. extensive, especially in south-eastern Australia, where the majority of the extant genera have been&#13;
  680. recorded. Some extinct genera have also been reported from across high southern latitudes, confirming&#13;
  681. an extremely diverse and widespread suite of Podocarpaceae during the Cenozoic in the region.&#13;
  682. In the Southern Hemisphere today conifers achieve greatest abundance in wet forests. Those which&#13;
  683. compete successfully with broad-leaved angiosperms in warmer forests produce broad, flat&#13;
  684. photosynthetic shoots. In the Araucariaceae this is achieved by the planation of multiveined leaves into&#13;
  685. large compound shoots. In the other two families leaves are now limited to a single vein (except&#13;
  686. Nageia), and to overcome this limitation many genera have resorted to re-orientation of leaves and twodimensional&#13;
  687. flattening of shoots. The Podocarpaceae show greatest development of this strategy with 11&#13;
  688. of 19 genera producing shoots analogous to compound leaves. The concentration of conifers in wet&#13;
  689. forest left them vulnerable to the climate change which occurred in the Cenozoic, and decreases in&#13;
  690. diversity have occurred since the Paleogene in all regions where fossil records are available. Information&#13;
  691. about the history of the dry forest conifers is extremely limited because of a lack of fossilisation in such&#13;
  692. environments. The southern conifers, past and present, demonstrate an ability to compete effectively&#13;
  693. with angiosperms in many habitats and should not be viewed as remnants which are ineffectual against&#13;
  694. angiosperm competitors.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/270402.html">270000 Biological Sciences &gt; 270400 Botany &gt; 270402 Plant Physiology</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/270400.html">270000 Biological Sciences &gt; 270400 Botany</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">2639</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Scholarly Publications Librarian</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">10 Dec 2007 11:47</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=2639;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&amp;eprintid=2639">item control page</a></p>
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